<> = Overview = ICA-PNM de-noising pipeline combines noise regressors identified by tools such as PNM and ICA (and FIX) and effectively prepares them for entry into a single FEAT model, thus allowing the user to clean their data in a single step. Note that it is essential to combine PNM and ICA into a single regression step, rather than performing them separately. The reason for this is that variance can be reintroduced into the “cleaned” data if regressions are performed separately. ---- == Step 1. Pre-processing == Before combining your sources of noise you should follow the relevant pipelines for [[https://fsl.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fsl/fslwiki/PNM|PNM]] and [[https://fsl.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fsl/fslwiki/MELODIC|MELODIC]]. [[https://fsl.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fsl/fslwiki/FIX|FIX]] noise components can be automatically or manually classified. Other pre-processing steps such as motion correction, registration and smoothing should be carried out as standard, have ready their respective output files along with any other noise time series information you may wish to include. == Step 2. Stripping noise from ICA time series == The final line of your ICA-labels file contains the numbers of all noise components. This file is obtained either via manual classification using FSLeyes, or from automated classification using ICA-FIX or ICA-AROMA. {{attachment:Figure1.png|Red box highlights noise components|width=500 height=550}} These numbers can be used to index the file containing the time-series information for each component – ordinarily named melodic_Tmodes, located within the filtered_func_data.ica folder of your MELODIC directory. To run ICA-PNM clean up, we need to generate a file that contains only the noise component timecourses from melodic_Tmodes. This new noise time series text file (named for example: ICA_noise.txt) should be space separated. In addition to ICA identified noise components, signal associated with white matter, CSF or motion outliers can also be appended to this text file. The fsl_ENTS tool can prepare this stage for you with the following usage: fsl_ents <.ica directory> [-o outfile] fsl_ents <.ica directory> [-o outfile] [-c conffile] [-c conffile] Where < -c = confound file > Any additional confounds such as noise associated with white matter, CSF or motion outliers can be included as a space separated text file < -o = outfile > Naming convention not fixed, modify as needed == Step 3. Inputting the noise text files into your model == If you have carried out both PNM and ICA you should now have 2 text files – one for your PNM noise output, which should be input into the Voxel Confound List in FEAT. {{attachment:Figure2.png|Red box highlights noise components|width=500 height=550}} And one containing the time series information of ICA noise components along with any other sources of noise that you wish to model. This file should be space delimited and should be input into the Add additional confound EVs box. The input within the data tab should be your raw data and FEAT can be run from scratch, including all pre-processing steps. {{attachment:Figure3.png|Red box highlights noise components|width=500 height=550}} == The model == The PNM noise text file and FIX noise text file have been combined by FEAT and input into your model as one long series of regressors of no interest. Many of these components are likely to not be independent and therefore we do not expect the degrees of freedom to be overly reduced. {{attachment:Figure4.png|Red box highlights noise components|width=500 height=550}} If resting state data are entered into the ICA-PNM pipeline, there will be no task EVs in the model. In this case, res4d.nii.gz file obtained from running Feat as described above is the ‘cleaned’ data, which can be used for subsequent resting state analysis ---- = Referencing = If you use fsl_ENTS in your research, please select the appropriate publications from the list below pertaining to FIX and PNM for referencing. {{{#!wiki references 1. G. Salimi-Khorshidi, G. Douaud, C.F. Beckmann, M.F. Glasser, L. Griffanti S.M. Smith. Automatic denoising of functional MRI data: Combining independent component analysis and hierarchical fusion of classifiers. NeuroImage, 90:449-68, 2014 2. L. Griffanti, G. Salimi-Khorshidi, C.F. Beckmann, E.J. Auerbach, G. Douaud, C.E. Sexton, E. Zsoldos, K. Ebmeier, N. Filippini, C.E. Mackay, S. Moeller, J.G. Xu, E. Yacoub, G. Baselli, K. Ugurbil, K.L. Miller, and S.M. Smith. ICA-based artefact removal and accelerated fMRI acquisition for improved resting state network imaging. NeuroImage, 95:232-47, 2014 3. Brooks JC, Beckmann CF, Miller KL, Wise RG, Porro CA, Tracey I, Jenkinson M. Physiological noise modelling for spinal functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. Neuroimage, 39(2):680-92, 2008. 4. Harvey AK, Pattinson KT, Brooks JC, Mayhew SD, Jenkinson M, Wise RG. Brainstem functional magnetic resonance imaging: disentangling signal from physiological noise. J Magn Reson Imaging. 28(6):1337-44, 2008. 5. Birn RM, Diamond JB, Smith MA, Bandettini PA. Separating respiratory-variation-related fluctuations from neuronal-activity-related fluctuations in fMRI. Neuroimage, 31(4):1536-48, 2006. 6. Glover GH, Li TQ, Ress D. Image-based method for retrospective correction of physiological motion effects in fMRI: RETROICOR. Magn Reson Med., 44(1):162-7, 2000. 7. Shmueli K, van Gelderen P, de Zwart JA, Horovitz SG, Fukunaga M, Jansma JM, Duyn JH. Low-frequency fluctuations in the cardiac rate as a source of variance in the resting-state fMRI BOLD signal. Neuroimage, 38(2):306-20, 2007. 8. Chang C, Cunningham JP, Glover GH. Influence of heart rate on the BOLD signal: the cardiac response function. Neuroimage, 44(3):857-69, 2009. 9. Cohen-Adad J, Gauthier CJ, Brooks JC, Slessarev M, Han J, Fisher JA, Rossignol S, Hoge RD. BOLD signal responses to controlled hypercapnia in human spinal cord. Neuroimage, 50(3):1074-84, 2010. }}} ---- CategoryOther